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No. 345,526. Patented July'l, 1886.

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' MACHINE POR PRODUGING TYPE BARS. No. 345,526. Patented July 13, 1886.

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No. 345,526. Patented July 13, 1886.

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MACHINE FOR PRODUGING TYPE BARS. No. 345,526. PatentedJuly 13,1886.

WIT/VESSES ANrrin) STATES PATENT OFFICE..

OTTMAR MERGENTHALER, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE 'V NATIONAL TYPOGRAPHIO COMPANY.

MACHINE FOR lPRoDociNe TYPE-BARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 345,526, dated July 13, 1886.

Application filed May l1, 1885.

To all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, `OTTMAR MERGENTHA- LER, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain Improvements in Machines for Producing Type-Bars for Printing Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a power-driven machine controlled by finger-keys for producing cast-metal bars, each bearing on its edge type' representing a line of words, properly justiied, the bars being adapted to be assembled sidc by side to produce a typeform for printing purposes.

The present machine may be regarded as an improvement on the one for which Letters Patent were granted to me on or about the 12th day of May, 1885, and is constructed and arranged to operate on` the same general plan. 2o A series of disconnected matrices,representing individual characters, are placed in magazinetubes and discharged therefrom, one at a time, lby devices connected with linger-keys representing the different characters. vThe matrices are delivered between supportingrails, over which they are carried by rapidly-traveling fingers on an endless chain, and thus assembled in a group or line. Expansible spacing devices are dropped between the matrices at 3o the proper points by the action of a special finger-key. The assembled line is moved along the rails to' a point opposite the face of a mold corresponding in form and size with the desired bar. Clamps advance opposite the two ends of the assembled line of matrices. The

series of spacebars are acted upon simrultaneously, so as to expand the line of matrices tightly between the clamps, giving the required justification. The matrices are forced 4o against the face of the mold, and the latterI supplied by a pump with molten metal,which assumes the form of a bar bearing on its face relief-impressions of the characters in lthe mal trices. The parts are next released, the bar automatically discharged from the mold, andthe line of matrices transferred to a distributing mechanism, by which the matrices are returned to their respective tubes and the spacing devices returned to their original place of 5o assemblage.

The invention relates to various details of Serial No. 165,138.

(No model.)

construction, which will be hereinafter described, but more particularly to tlie'manner of constructing the magazine; to the escapement mechanism for discharging the matrices 5 5 and transferring them to the guide-rails; to the manner of introducing the spacing devices; to the construction of the casting and clamping mechanism, and to the construction of the distributing mechanism.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents an out-line elevation of my machine, in the nature of a diagram, designed to illustrate the general' arrangement and operation of the principal devices. Fig. 2 is a front 65 elevation of the complete machine. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the same, the distributing mechanism and top of y the main frame being removed to expose the parts thereunder. Fig.

Li is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 5 is a 7o transverse vertical section through the magazine, the discharging devices, and the assembling or composing mechanism, on the line 3 3 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a vertical section from front to rear on the line 2 2 of Figs. 2 and 3, 75 showing particularly the mechanism for transferring the'matrices from the magazines to the supporting-rails and assembling mechanism. Fig. 7 is a vertical section from front to rear,

on the line 4 4 of Figs. 2 and 3, showing par- 8c ticularly the construction of the casting and clamping mechanisms, the parts being in the positions in which they stand during the asscmblage of the matrices. Fig. 8 is a similar view through the front portion only, showing the position of the parts during the casting operation. Fig. 9 is a top plan view showing the rails upon which the matrices are delivered from the magazines, the mechanism for if advancing the matrices therefrom, and the 9o transferring-rails by which they are sustained during the casting operation and subsequently transferred to the distributing mechanism. Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on the line 10 10 of Figs. 7 and 8, showing particularly the mold 95 and thel clamps for confining the matrices. Fig. 1l is a vertical section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3, showing the mechanism by which the keys are locked in position and prevented from .operatingexcept in the proper way and loo at the proper time. Fig. 12 is a vertical crosssection of the distributing mechanism on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2. Fig. 13 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same on the line 7 7 of Figs. 4 and 12. Fig. 11 is a top plan view of a portion of the distributing mechanism and the attendant parts. Fig. 15 isalongitudinal vertical section through the center of the same on the line 7 7 of Figs. el, 12, and 14. Fig. 16 is a plan view of the cams of the distributing mechanism. Fig. 17 is a horizontal section through the distributing meehanism,on theline 8 8 of Figs. 12 and 13, looking in a downward direction. Fig. 1S is a vert-ical section on the line 9 9 ofthe preceding iigure. Fig. 19 is a perspective View showing a number of matrices. Fig. 20 is a perspective view of one of the space-bars. Fig. 21 is a face view of the rotary disk having the mold formed therein. Fig. 22 is an edge view ofthe same. Fig. 23 is a perspective view showing,in cross-section, the principal parts of the distributing mechanism and illustrating the manner in which the dogs mounted in the movable earrier-plates suspend the matrices by their upper end,and the stationary cams by which the dogs are opened to release the matrix. Fig. 2J. is a horizontal section through the magazine, showing the details of its construction. Fig. 25 is a vertical longitudinal section through one ofthe yielding fingers for assembling or composing the matrices, 'showing the plate and spring by which it is supported. Fig. 26 is a face view of the slide by which the space-bars are placed in position for use. Fig. 27 is a detailed view of the adjustable devices for controlling the approximation of the clamps which confine the matrices laterally. Fig. 2S is a perspective view of the devices by which the matrices are transferred, one at a time, to the sustaining-dogs of the distributing mechanism. Fig. 29 is a crossseetion of the distributor driving-clutch on the line 13 13 of Figs. 1, 12, and 14. Fig. 30 is a cross-section of the sustaining-rails, showing the manner of discharging the matrix-bars from the line of matrices. Figs. 31 and 32 are respective] y a cross-section and a bottom face view of the distributor-plates in a modified form, with movable dogs to act on one edge, instead of onboth edges of the matrices. Fig. 33 is a plan view, partly in section, of the driving-clutch connections for transmitting motion to the casting and clamping devices. Fig. Set is atop plan viewoftheindicating and alarm mechanism. Fig. 35 is a vertical cross-section illustrating the parts shown in the preceding ligure.

Referring to Fig. 1, which represents in outline only the leading features of my machine, A A are the matrices, placed one upon another, in the upright magazine-tubes B B, which converge from their upper to their lower ends, where they are assembled in close proximity and in a straight line; C, the movable eseapemcnt-keys by which the matrices are transferred,one at a time, from the respective tubes to stationary supporting-rails D, between which they hang suspended.

E E are yielding-arms attached to an endless belt, F, and carried thereby longitudinally between the rails D, for the purpose of earrying the matrices over the rails and assembling them in a compact form or line at one side.

H H are pawls or dogs between which the matrices are carried by revolving arms I, and by which their retrograde motion is prevented.

K is a horizontally-sliding rod to which the pawls H are attached, so that when the line of matrices is complete the movement of the rod to the left will cause the pawls lo advance the entire series of matrices over the stationary rails into the vertically-movable rails J, by which they are supported in front of the mold L.

M M are a series of eXpansible space-bars, which hang suspended between stationary rails N, immediately over the point at which the matrices are assembled, so that by means of devices connected with the space-key they may be dropped, one at a time, into the line of matrices during the course of its assemblage or composition.

O O are meehanieallyoperating clamps, which are advanced automatically on opposite sides of the line of matrices after they are in position in front of the mold.

P is a vertically-acting pressure device, by which thespace-bars are lifted simultaneously and caused to expand the line of matrices between the clamps immediately previous to the casting operation.

Q is a melting pot provided with an automatic pump, R, by which molten metal is delivered into the mold to receive the impression of the matrices, which, for the time being, close the side of the mold.

After the east-ing operation the clamps are retracted and the matrices released,af ter which the lifting or transferring rails J rise to the position indicated by dotted lines, carrying with them the entire line ot' matrices and spacebars. A slide, S, moves the matrices horizontally out of the lifting-rails to stationary rails T, from which they are lifted, one at a time, to clamping jaws or dogs in plates U, attached to a horizontal traveling chain, V. rlhe dogs are controlled in their action by cams or inclines on stationary rails W in such manner that the dogs carrying each matrix are sepaated at the proper time to drop the matrix into the appropriate magazine. The spacebars escape through suitable openings in the rails and fall into a vertically-moving receiver, X, from which they are transferred at the proper time to the rails N, preparatory to further use.

It will be perceived that the plan of operation embraces, as a leading feature, a circulatory movement of the matriees-that is to say, their delivery from the magazine, their assemblage and presentation to the casting IOO ZIO

mechanism, and their distribution and return to the magazine.

Having thus outlined the construction and l the head the device is caused to present au inmode of operation, I will now proceed to describe thedetails.

Matrices-I provide for use in the machine a suitable number of separate or independent matrices, A, each consisting, as shown in Fig. 19, of a small plate of metal or other suitable material, bearing in one of its vertical edges a single letter or character, as seen at a, or two or more characters, which are always to appear together-such, for example, as the ordinary prefixes and afxes, and words of very frequent use containing but a small number of letters; The matrices may be made of any ap` propriate size; but I recommend a width of three-fourths of an inch and a length of one and one-fourth inch, or thereabouts, practical experience having shown this size to be the most convenient. Each matrix is formed with supporting-shoulders b, projecting from oppositeA edges near the top. Above the shoulders b the matrix is reduced in width, and presents on each edge two shoulders, e and d, the width of the neck between the lower shoulders, c,

being greater than that between the upper shoulders, d, as plainly represented. These shoulders are designed to co-operate with the distributing devices, and are the means by which said devices are enabled to distinguish between the matrices carrying the different characters. All matrices bearing the same letter are exact duplicates; but matrices bearing different letters differ in the width between their shoulders. In its upper end each matrix is provided with a dovetailed or shouldered` notch, e, to co-,operate with a tapered or shouldered rail forming part of the distributing mechanism, these notches differing in size in the matrices of different characters. In the lower end each matrix is provided with akeyhole slot or opening, f, to co operate with the device, by which the matrices are prevented from lifting accidentally during the course of distribution. The respective matrices differ in thick ness according to the width of the characters therein, each having a width but slightly in excess of its character, so that the characters may be brought closely together when the matrices are assembled in line side by side.

Spacing-baisf-h order to provide for spaces between the terminal characters of words, and to permit of the spaces in a line being simultaneously increased to effect the j ustiiication of the line, or, in other words, to expand the line l to the predetermined length1 I provide spacebars M, such as represented in Fig. 20, consisting of a longitudinally-tapered or wedge-like bar, k', united bya dovetail sliding connection to a head or plate, Z,provided with suspendingshoulders identical or substantially identical with those on the matrices, so that the space-bars may be introduced in the line between the matrices and suspended and distributed in like manner. The outer faces of the parts k' and l are parallel with each other.

'By moving the part 7c upward with respect to creased thickness at its operative point, thus forming an expansible spacing device. This device, separately considered, constitutes no part of the present invention, being substantially identical with that described and ,claimed in my application for Letters Patent filed on the 18th day of April, 1885, No. 162,714.

Main frame-The main frame Y may be of the form and construct-ion represented in the drawings, or of any other appropriate construction adapted to receive and support the various operative parts hereinafter described. It isto be borne in mind that all parts of the frame Y are stationary.

Magazne.--The magazine B consists, as

shown in Figs. 2, 3, 5, 15, and 24, of two parallel vertical plates, g, and intermediate sheetmetal partitions, h, the' edges of which arev seated in grooves formed in the plates, thus dividing the space between the plates into a series of matrix tubes or channels corresponding in width to the thickness 'of the matrices which they are to receive. to be made of exceedingly thin metal,in order that the tubes may be brought together at the base in the smallest space possible. Toward their upper ends the channels diverge in order to produce mouths of increased width, so as to admit of the matrices dropping therein with certainty, and prevent a matrix designed for one tube from being carried accidentally into the mouth of the next. Each tubeis separated from the next by two partition-plates joined at the top and bottom, but separated between said points, as shown.

Sustaiaing-d0gs.-For the purpose of 'sustaining the columns of matrices in* the maga- The partitions are ICO zine I provide two dogs, i and c, extending lengthwise beneath the edges of the entire series of magazines, as represented in Figs. 5 and 6, so as to engage beneath the shoulders of the lowermost matrices in all the magazines and prevent them from descending. The dogs are attached to pivoted arms jointed together, as seen at j, Fig. 6, whereby they are caused to open and close in unison, and thus engage and release the matrices simultaneousl y at the two edges. One of the dogs is provided with depending arms k, the lower ends of which are acted upon by cam-wheels l, so that the dogs are engaged and disengaged automatically at regular and frequent intervals. Under the mouth of each magazinetube there is a vertically-movable escapementkey, C, having in its end a vertical opening, through which the matrices may pass from the magazine above to the supporting-rails beneath. The series of escapement-keys lie parallel with each other, and are mounted at their rear ends on a common pivot, m, so that their forwardends may rise and fall. Attached to each key there is a spring, a, by which. the

IIO

forward end of the key is held normally in an the opening for the matrix, there are two ankey downward, but the bar xprcvents the key gular dogs or detents, o', notched at their lower ends, to engage the shoulders of the matrices as the latter are dropped into the key from the magazine. The upper ends of the dogs o' are extended outward in position to engage shoulders p and q, formed on the main fraaie. IVhen the key rises, the shoulders p engage the dogs and cause their inner ends to close together, so as to confine the matrix firmly between them; but as the key descends the dogs, carrying the matrix positively downward,finally encounter the shoulders q, which have the effect of separating the dogs and disengaging them from the matrix, allowing it to fall between and upon the supporting-rails D. rIhe escapement-key and its dogs are necessary, in order to insure the downward movement 0i.' the matrix when the keys are rapidly operated, it being found in practice that an operator will manipulate the finger-keys so rapidly that the matrices will not descend by gravity alone, the interval between the operation of one key Aand another being so brief that the detent mechanism will relock the matrices before gravity has timeto start them. After the escapement-key has discharged one matrix and risen to its normal position it will receive another matrix as soon as the automatic dogsi i' are disengaged, so as to permit the column of matrices to descend. If, however, au escapement-key con tains a matrix at the time that the'automatic dogs are opened, it follows that the matrix in the key will prevent the column above from descending, and consequently the action of the automatic dogs is without result. It is this fact which permits the two automatic dogs to be used for the entire series of magazines. The escapcmcnt-keys are each conneeted by a rod, r, to a finger-key, s, each character and magazine being represented by its own finger-key, the depression of which has the effect of discharging the corresponding matrix instantly upon the rails.

Locking mcchanismf.-In order to insure the rising action of the cscapement-keys after the discharge of the matrices, I extend lengthwise beneath them a blade, t, working at its ends in vertical slides and actuated, as shown in Figs. 6 and Il., by groovcd cam-wheels u, applied to the main horizontal shaft Z, so that at each revolution of the shaft the blade and escapement-keys are forcibly lifted. In order to enable the operator to control the keys with increased facility, and to determine the order in which the characters shall be delivered, as hereinafter more fully explained, I provide the entire series of cscapemcnt-keys with shouldered or undercut notches, lw, as shown in Fig. G, and extend beneath the keys a horizontal bar, x, attached to pivoted arms and provided with a stud or roller, y, engaging grooved cam-wheels z on the main shaft, whereby the bar is given a forward and backward movement at each rotation. rIhe pressure on the finger-key urges the escapementfrom descending, except during the rotation of the cam-wheel, at which time the bar stands beneath the open portion of the slotw. Whenever a key is depressed, it is prevented from rising again until the proper time by the bar w, engaging in the shoulder or offset portion of the notch. Thus it will be seen the locking-bar w serves to control the time when a key may be depressed, as well as the time when it may be elevated.

Matrix assembl/11g cmd composing mechanism-The stationary rails D, on which the matrices are delivered, are continued to the left a considerable distance beyond the magazines. The endless chain F travels at its upper side between or immediately beneath these rails, around supporting-rolls a at its ends, and carries on its outer edge a series of plates, b', to the ends of which the matrixcarrying lingers E are pivoted. Springs c', seated iu the, blocks, as shown in Fig. 25, tend to hold the ngers in a position perpendicular to the plates, so that as the chain is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow, the fingers will be carried in an upright position between the rails D, so as to act upon the matrices as they are dropped, one after another, between the rails, and carry them successively toward the left. The pivoting of the fingers is not a necessary feature, but is adopted in order that they may yield and fold downward in the event of an obstruction being encountered. In order to insure a proper guidance of the fingers during their action on the matrices, I provide the lower edges of the rails D with grooves d', to receive and guide the edges ofthe plates b, as plainly shown in Figs. 5 and 6. For the purpose of advancing' the matrices still further along the rails after the carrying-lingers E cease their aetion thereon, I employ two revolving arms, I, attached to vertical shafts f, located on opposite sides ofthe rails, as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, and connected at their lower ends by gears g, which cause them to revolve in unison, so that their ends act at the same instant against the side of the matrix to sweep the same forward along the rails. In order to prevent retrograde motion of the matrices, I provide two horizontally-swinging pawls or dogs, H, pivoted at opposite sides of the rails, and acted upon by closing springs, so that While they yield and permit the matrix to be advanced between and beyond them by the arms I, they will immediately close behind the matrix, as shown in Fig. 9. These pawls are pivoted, as shown in Figs. 2 and 9, to an arm on the horizontal sliding rod K, which is mounted in guides on the main frame and provided with a knob or hand-piece, by which the operator may move it at will toward the left, thereby moving the pawls and causing them to advance the assembled matrices over the ends of the stationary rails to the verticallymovable rails J, which are, for the time being, in line with the stationary rails.

'Insert/on of sweaters-In order that the 'I be lowered during the time that the projected space-bars M may be introduced at the proper points in a line of matrices during the course of their assemblage, they are suspended in series side by side above the rails D, on stationary rails N, just forward of the rotary arms I, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and o, so that whenever a space-bar is released it may descend into position between the matrix last added to the line and the one next succeeding. rIhre rails N incline forward toward their delivery end, so

that the bars M descend by gravity against the face of a vertical slide, m', the lower end of which is'notched, as shown in Fig. 26, to correspond in shape with the upper end of the space-bar, so that when the slide is lifted the head of the foremost bar will pass therein and be carried positively downward to its place by the descent of the slide, which in the meantime closes the passage, so as to prevent the next barfrorn escaping. After being carried downward the space-bar is forced laterally out of the slide against the matrices by the revolvarms I or the matrix followingnext behind it. The slide m may be actuated in any suitable manner; but I commonly connect it by alink,

n', to an arm, p', on a horizontal rock-shaft, q, having a second arm connected, as in Fig. 5, to a lifting-cam, s, on the main shaft Z. A spring, t', applied to act upon thearm ofthe rock-shaft g, as in Figs. 6 and 11, or in any other suitable manner, serves to depress the slide when it is relieved from the iniiuence of the liftingcam. Owing to the fact that certain of the matrices require to be carried a considerable distance to the place of assemblage, while the space-bars drop direct-A ly into position, it may sometimes chance that the space-key will be operated before a matrix previously designated has passed the space bar. To prevent the space bar in such case from being dropped in front of the matrix, I provide a safety mechanism, such as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. A lever, b, pivoted to the frame, acts at its upper end to prevent the descent vof the slide m'. The lower .end of this lever stands adjacentto the roll a',

which carries one end of the chain F. In the circumference of thisroll there are mounted two slides, et, moving in an axial direction, and each having at the inner end a stud or projection, as shown in Fig. 6. lA finger-key for spacing purposes, commonly denominated the space-key, is connected by a rod, r, to an angular lever, c, to which there is jointed a hooked arm, d, designed `to engage with the projection on the slides e4, and move them' endwise, so as to bring their projections into position to act on the lever b, and thereby release the devices for discharging the space-bar. The lever o4 is controlled by the locking-bar w, as shown in Fig. 6, in the same manner that the escapement-keys G are controlled, so that the space-releasing key can only be operated at the instant when the slides e are opposite the hook d, so as yto be moved thereby. It

will be understood that a space-bar can only slide e4 is acting on the lever b4. Now, as the roll carrying the slide must make nearly an entire revolution after the depression of the space-key before the slide can act on the releasing-lever b4, it follows that the carryingchain will be allowed to move in the meanwhile a sufficient distance to carry the matrix previously designated and delivered upon the rails to its place before the space-bar can drop into-position.

Casting and clamping mechanism-The shifting-rails J, to which the assembled matrices are transferred from the stationary rails, as before explained, and which are grooved to engage the shoulders of the matrices to prevent them from rising or tipping, stand in such position as to suspend the matrices directly in front of the mold and between it and the clamping mechanism O. The mold L consists, as shown in Figs. 21 and 22, of a vertical rotary disk or wheel containing a slot, u, which extends therethrough from one face to the other, and which is of the exact dimensions of the required type-bar. The openingfis usually given a slight enlargement from the rear to the front, to facilitate the delivery of the bar, the taper of which will be corrected by subsequent treatment. The disk may be made in one piece with the slot therein, or it may, for the sake of convenience, be built up of separate pieces, as represented in the figures just referred to. When built in sections, the part containing the slot or mold proper may be dovetailed or otherwise secured to the remaining portion, so as to be readily removed to permit the application of amold of different size, as occasioirmay demand. The mold-wheel is secured, as shown most plainly in Figs. 3, 7, and 8, on the end of a horizontal shaft, c', mounted in bearings on a plate, w', which is free to slide to and fro in guides on the main frame, so that the mold-wheel may be forced tightly against the matrices during the casting operation, and subsequently retracted in order to withdraw the type on the bar from the cavities of the matrices, that the latter may be removed without the mutilation of the type. The mold is arranged to revolve, in order that it may carry the completed bar to a position from which it may be discharged without interference from the matrices or clamping devices, as hereinafter explained. It is-necessary that the line of matrices shall IOO l'IO

IIS

be clamped tightly together laterally, in order trices and force them against the mold. This' clamp is provided, as shown in Figs. 3, 7, and l0, with jaws a?, which slide horizontally 

